News & Research

arXiv:2510.03529v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robotic laparoscopic surgery has gained increasing attention in recent years for its potential to deliver more efficient and precise minimally invasive procedures. However, adoption of surgical robotic platforms remains largely confined to high-resource medical centers, exacerbating healthcare disparities in rural and low-resource regions. To close this gap, a range of solutions has been explored, from remote mentorship to fully remote telesurgery. Yet, the practical deployment of surgical robotic systems to underserved communities remains an unsolved challenge. Humanoid systems offer a promising path toward deployability, as they can directly operate in environments designed for humans without extensive infrastructure modifications -- including operating rooms. In this work, we introduce LapSurgie, the first humanoid-robot-based laparoscopic teleoperation framework. The system leverages an inverse-mapping strategy for manual-wristed

arXiv:2508.19186v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reactive obstacle avoidance methods often cause agents to become trapped in local minima, because they can often only reason one step ahead (i.e., the next action based on the current state). In this paper, we use model checking to achieve reactive multi-step planning and obstacle avoidance on an autonomous robot. Our small, purpose-built model checking algorithm generates plans in situ (within the robot's code) based on ``core'' knowledge and attention as found in biological agents. This is achieved in real-time using no pre-computed data on a low-powered device. Our approach is based on chaining temporary control systems that are spawned to counteract disturbances in the local environment which disrupt an autonomous agent from its preferred action (or resting state). We mitigate state-space explosion by relying on temporary snapshots of the immediate environment, restricting the number of states. Multi-step planning using counter-ex

arXiv:2507.21245v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: An accurate initial heading angle is essential for efficient and safe navigation across diverse domains. Unlike magnetometers, gyroscopes can provide accurate heading reference independent of the magnetic disturbances in a process known as gyrocompassing. Yet, accurate and timely gyrocompassing, using low-cost gyroscopes, remains a significant challenge in scenarios where external navigation aids are unavailable. Such challenges are commonly addressed in real-world applications such as autonomous vehicles, where size, weight, and power limitations restrict sensor quality, and noisy measurements severely degrade gyrocompassing performance. To cope with this challenge, we propose a novel diffusion denoiser-aided gyrocompass approach. It integrates a diffusion-based denoising framework with an enhanced learning-based heading estimation model. The diffusion denoiser processes raw inertial sensor signals before input to the deep learning m

arXiv:2507.15833v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human vision is a highly active process driven by gaze, which directs attention to task-relevant regions through foveation, dramatically reducing visual processing. In contrast, robot learning systems typically rely on passive, uniform processing of raw camera images. In this work, we explore how incorporating human-like active gaze into robotic policies can enhance efficiency and robustness. We develop GIAVA (Gaze Integrated Active-Vision ALOHA), a robot vision system that emulates human head and neck movement, and gaze adjustment for foveated processing. Extending the AV-ALOHA robot platform, we introduce a framework for simultaneously collecting eye-tracking, perspective control, and robot manipulation demonstration data from a human operator. We also open-source a simulation benchmark and dataset for training robot policies that incorporate human gaze. Inspired by recent work in foveated image segmentation and given the widespread

arXiv:2507.11498v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Humanoid robots have seen remarkable advances in dexterity, balance, and locomotion, yet their role in expressive domains such as music performance remains largely unexplored. Musical tasks, like drumming, present unique challenges such as split-second timing, rapid contacts, and multi-limb coordination over performances lasting minutes. In this paper, we introduce Robot Drummer, a simulation framework for humanoid drumming across a diverse repertoire of songs. We formulate humanoid drumming as the realization of timed contact events encoded as a Rhythmic Contact Chain. To handle the long-horizon nature of musical performance, we decompose each track into fixed-length segments and train a single policy across all segments in parallel using reinforcement learning. Through extensive experiments on over thirty popular tracks, our results demonstrate that Robot Drummer consistently achieves high F1 scores and enables efficient learning of

arXiv:2503.06796v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robot design is a complex and time-consuming process that requires specialized expertise. Gaining a deeper understanding of robot design data can enable various applications, including automated design generation, retrieving example designs from text, and developing AI-powered design assistants. While recent advancements in foundation models present promising approaches to addressing these challenges, progress in this field is hindered by the lack of large-scale design datasets. In this paper, we introduce RoboDesign1M, a large-scale dataset comprising 1 million samples. Our dataset features multimodal data collected from scientific literature, covering various robotics domains. We propose a semi-automated data collection pipeline, enabling efficient and diverse data acquisition. To assess the effectiveness of RoboDesign1M, we conduct extensive experiments across multiple tasks, including design image generation, visual question answe

arXiv:2607.12593v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The evolution of energy-efficient ultra-low-power (ULP) parallel processors and the diffusion of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are fueling the advent of autonomous driving nano-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These sub-10 cm robotic platforms are envisioned as next-generation ubiquitous smart-sensors and unobtrusive robotic-helpers. However, the limited computational/memory resources available aboard nano-UAVs introduce the challenge of minimizing and optimizing vision-based CNNs -- which to date require error-prone, labor-intensive iterative development flows. This work explores methodologies and software tools to streamline and automate all the deployment of vision-based CNN navigation on a ULP multicore system-on-chip acting as a mission computer on a Crazyflie 2.1 nano-UAV. We focus on the deployment of PULP-Dronet, a state-of-the-art CNN for autonomous navigation of nano-UAVs, from the initial training to the final cl

arXiv:2607.12544v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Thermal infrared (TIR) imaging is essential for UAV swarm operations in visually degraded environments. However, tracking tiny UAVs remains challenging due to limited appearance cues, frequent occlusions, and rapid maneuvers. Despite significant progress driven by benchmarks such as the Anti-UAV challenge, existing methods primarily prioritize accuracy while overlooking the computational constraints of real-time edge deployment. The standard Kalman Filter (KF) offers the efficiency required for edge devices, yet its constant-velocity assumption often breaks down under highly dynamic UAV motion and thermal sensor jitter. More sophisticated nonlinear estimators can improve robustness but often introduce additional computational costs. To address this gap, we propose an edge-aware online tracking pipeline centered on the Adaptive Kinematic Kalman Filter (AKKF), which augments the linear KF with state-dependent kinematic modeling while pres

arXiv:2607.10350v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent VLM and VLA systems have improved robotic perception and action prediction, yet long-horizon embodied agents still require a general runtime layer for reasoning, memory, tool use, verification, and cross-embodiment execution. We present ABot-AgentOS, a general robotic Agent Operating System that sits above low-level controllers and provides a deliberative agent layer for scene-conditioned planning, context-isolated skill execution, multi-stage verification, multi-modal memory, and edge-cloud collaboration. To evaluate such systems, we introduce EmbodiedWorldBench, an executable benchmark with 16 indoor, outdoor, and hybrid scenes, four difficulty levels, and over 200 tasks involving navigation, object search, NPC dialogue, dynamic events, and trace-grounded scoring. ABot-AgentOS further introduces Universal Multi-modal Graph Memory, a persistent source-grounded substrate that converts dialogue, visual observations, spatia

arXiv:2607.13033v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning holds great promise for improving robot policies beyond the limits of imitation learning. However, its practical adoption remains bottlenecked by the lack of reliable vision-language reward models that provide dense and informative feedback. Two key challenges remain: acquiring diverse failure data at scale and obtaining fine-grained reward signals beyond sparse trajectory-level success labels. Collecting failure trajectories typically requires laborious human effort, while pseudo-failures constructed by relabeling successful demonstrations fail to capture the diverse physical failure modes that arise during robot execution. Meanwhile, existing reward models often predict sparse binary or trajectory-level rewards, which provide limited guidance for efficient policy optimization. We introduce DenseReward, a dense robotic reward model that addresses both challenges. To train DenseReward, we develop an automated failur

arXiv:2607.12931v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential for improving Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on complex manipulation tasks. However, its practical scalability remains severely limited by the substantial cost of environmental interactions. In this work, we first investigate the exploration stagnation bottleneck in current VLA-RL frameworks and reveal that trajectory diversity is fundamentally more important to sample efficiency than the sheer quantity of collected rollouts. Motivated by these insights, we introduce RL Exploration Token (ExToken), a simple yet general framework that condition VLA policies on discrete behavioral priors derived from offline demonstrations for structured exploration. By conditioning the policy on different tokens during rollout collection, ExToken encourages the agent to explore diverse behavioral modes, substantially improving state-action coverage and exploration efficiency. To bridge

arXiv:2607.12892v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern robot learning systems increasingly rely on dense progress or value signals to evaluate intermediate states, guide policy learning, and detect task completion, making the quality of these signals critical. Since such dense labels are rarely available at scale, normalized time within a demonstration is often used as a scalable substitute: later frames are treated as higher progress. However, this time-derived label is only a noisy proxy for physical task progress. In contact-rich manipulation, a robot may make progress and then lose it through slips, failed grasps, or partial undoing, while the time-derived label continues to increase monotonically. We introduce Unsupervised Robotic Value Correction (UR-VC), an offline, training-free method for correcting time-derived progress labels. UR-VC exploits a simple regularity in demonstration data: similar states often recur across different episodes, but at different timestamps. Instead o

arXiv:2607.12861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) holds great potential for robot swarms, but the black-box nature of neural policies complicates strategic analysis, limiting multi-robot applications. Furthermore, complex swarm behaviors can surprisingly emerge from simple rewards without explicit aggregation incentives. Unveiling the mechanisms behind this emergence is critical, but the disconnection between simple rewards and collective behaviors exacerbates interpretability challenges. This paper aims to reveal the hidden mechanisms in this process. We propose a two-stage EEC (\LinkIII) explanatory framework. This includes a novel analytical tool called the Agent Response Map (ARM), which reveals agents' decision-making patterns across space and identifies regions of aggregation and avoidance. ARM reveals that the robots implicitly learn the geometric fields of the environment and utilize these structures as desired targets for coordinated mov

arXiv:2607.12811v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Although topological mapping and navigation have been studied extensively, the specific role and downstream effect of loop closures in purely topological representations has received relatively little attention. Importantly, loop closure over topological maps is distinct from loop closure over globally referenced trajectories and metric maps. Building on recent denser topologies grounded in pixel-level, relative 3D geometry, we propose PixelLoop which introduces loop closures directly in pixel space. Unlike sparse image-level edges or pose-graph corrections in SLAM, our pixel-level closures act as dense topological shortcuts that alter planning connectivity and cost propagation rather than merely aligning coordinates. This dense connectivity enables stable any-point-to-any-point navigation and produces costmaps that align accurately with geometric shortest paths. In particular, we showcase the distinct advantage of applying loop closures

arXiv:2607.12801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study introduces a unified control framework for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fitted with a pan-tilt (PT) camera, intended to perform an end-to-end mission spanning from initial target detection to accurate terminal engagement. The proposed system employs a three-phase strategy: a vision-based target acquisition phase, an NMPC-based tracking phase, and a terminal guidance phase. During tracking, the framework uses an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to fuse YOLO-based visual detections with inertial measurements, enabling robust target state estimation under unknown dynamics. To ensure reliable visual contact, we introduce a constraint-aware Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) strategy that incorporates Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to explicitly prevent UAV self-occlusion -- a common limitation in fixed-wing tracking. Upon satisfying terminal engagement conditions, the system seamlessly transitions control to a q