News & Research

arXiv:2606.00895v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents a fast, recursive neural solver for the J2-perturbed Lambert problem based on Tiny Recursive Models (TRM), termed the TRM-Perturbed Lambert (TRM-PL) model. TRM is a weight-shared architecture whose effective capacity emerges from iteration depth rather than parameter count: a compact reasoning module is applied repeatedly within a two-level latent hierarchy, refining a candidate departure velocity by simulating the J2 trajectory and correcting it from the resulting tracking error. This unifies initial-guess generation and iterative correction in a single, end-to-end differentiable architecture. The recursive refinement loop is a learned alternative to the homotopy and continuation schemes of classical perturbed-Lambert solvers: rather than following a hand-designed path from the Keplerian to the perturbed solution, the network learns its own sequence of corrections. We evaluate TRM-PL on three test cases of increasin

arXiv:2606.00913v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-arm bandit algorithms are increasingly used in online platforms, clinical trials, and social science experiments, but valid statistical inference on their performance remains an open challenge. After deploying bandits, a natural question is whether one can construct a confidence interval for its mean reward and assess whether it reliably outperforms a baseline policy. The total reward achieved in any single bandit deployment is random, and deploying a bandit twice on the same population typically yields different reward trajectories due to stochastic rewards. Standard statistical inference methods cannot be used because bandit algorithms introduce complex dependencies in the collected data, which violate the i.i.d. assumption underlying many classical approaches. Moreover, existing inference methods for adaptively collected data only apply to estimands that do not depend on the data-collection algorithm (such as the mean reward un

arXiv:2606.00919v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have seen widespread adoption across various domains, yet their reliability is frequently undermined by hallucinations - responses that are plausible-sounding but factually incorrect. In high-stakes domains, these errors can reduce trust and introduce real-world risk. To address this challenge, we present a parameter-efficient approach that uses soft prompts to mitigate hallucinated content and promote responsible abstention in generative question-answering (QA) tasks. Our method, called Responsible Contrastive Soft Prompting (RCSP), uses a composite loss to train soft prompts that balance three goals: suppressing hallucinatory content, encouraging abstention under uncertainty, and preserving or improving factual recall. To achieve these goals, we incorporate contrastive loss, curriculum learning, and KL regularization into our training mechanism. We evaluate our approach on five diverse generative QA datase

arXiv:2606.00984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study linear contextual bandits under rare parameter updates: the learner may incorporate reward feedback into its parameter estimate only at a small number of update times, while still observing contexts online and selecting actions sequentially. This viewpoint clarifies a practical distinction that is often blurred in the literature: many "strictly batched" methods additionally restrict within-interval context adaptivity, meaning that the action rule inside an interval cannot depend on the sequence of realized contexts/actions in that interval (beyond the current round's context). For linear contextual bandits, we propose two practical algorithms with only $O(\log\log T)$ parameter updates. Our first algorithm BLCE-G attains minimax-optimal regret (up to polylogarithmic factors in $T$) simultaneously in both the small-$K$ and large-$K$ regimes under a static schedule. Our second algorithm BLCE removes the near G-optimal design step

arXiv:2606.01090v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Equivariance theory predicts that an architectural symmetry prior reduces sample complexity by a factor of |G|; this is widely cited but rarely measured as a scaling law with controls that separate the prior from its confounds. On a controlled C_n-symmetric task, we report three findings. First, a wrong-group control with identical orbit size and matched compute is worse than no constraint (joint pairwise CI [+0.79, +3.26] excludes zero, robust across estimators); misaligned constraint is actively harmful, not merely unhelpful. Second, an augmentation baseline equipped with test-time orbit averaging matches the equivariant model exactly -- bit-identical per-epoch validation curves across matched cells -- so the architecture-vs-augmentation gap is conditional on asymmetric test-time computation, not unconditional. Third, the relative exchange rate beta_diff = 1.28 is consistent in sign and order of magnitude with the theoretical 1.0 (sin

arXiv:2606.01107v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study fitting problems, sometimes called ``training problems'', where we have a finite sample consisting of inputs and outputs, and we want to know whether there is a function in a certain class that could produce these outputs, exactly or approximately, on the given inputs. We focus on the computational and descriptive complexity of fitting for logically-defined classes in common decidable structures, like the real ordered field and Presburger arithmetic, and also for broader classes defined via combinatorial or model-theoretic properties. We isolate the complexity of these fitting problems, with particular attention to cases where we can use queries in a natural query language over the sample to determine whether a sample is fittable.

arXiv:2606.01134v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatically distinguishing child-directed speech from adult-directed speech in long-form recordings is key to scalable analyses of children's language environments. Existing approaches process utterances in isolation and have been evaluated primarily on English. We address these gaps along three dimensions. First, we fine-tune and evaluate six-self supervised models on a multilingual dataset of 182 children, showing that in-domain pre-training on child-centered recordings substantially outperforms models trained on adult speech. Second, we demonstrate that incorporating surrounding context substantially improves classification, with an absolute gain of 13.8% in average F1-score. Third, we evaluate our model in a realistic end-to-end pipeline, from adult speech detection to addressee classification, showing that performance drops under automatic segmentation but still consistently outperforms a rule-based baseline.

arXiv:2606.01243v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Latent reasoning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform multi-step inference within continuous hidden states, offering efficiency gains over explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, the opacity of these continuous thought vectors hinders their reliability and controllability. This paper bridges the gap between mechanistic interpretability and actionable control. We first present a systematic analysis using structural, causal, and geometric probes, revealing that latent vectors encode compressed, faithful representations of reasoning steps, with early vectors acting as critical causal hubs. Building on this, we operationalize these interpretability insights into a suite of training-free, decode-time interventions that refine the latent reasoning process by imposing the identified geometric and semantic priors. Extensive experiments across multiple model scales and diverse task domains demonstrate that our approaches consistentl

arXiv:2606.01244v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study operator learning using encoder--decoder neural networks. Inspired by the function-space theory of neural networks, we introduce a variation space as an infinite-dimensional structural class for nonlinear operators. This space is defined through vector-valued measures directly on the input and output spaces. For operators in this space, we establish approximation bounds for encoder--decoder two-layer networks in the Bochner $L^q$ norm. The resulting error bound decomposes into the input encoding error, the output encoding error, and a finite-width approximation term of order $N^{-1/2}$, with a constant independent of the input and output encoding dimensions. When the input and output encoding errors decay polynomially in the encoding dimensions, these estimates yield algebraic approximation and learning rates. The results provide an theoretical guarantees for efficient neural operator learning beyond general Lipschitz or Fr\'ec

arXiv:2606.01256v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper introduces a distribution-free framework for constructing post-detection confidence sets for changepoints after stopping a sequential change detection procedure. It is well known that conformal test martingales can be used to sequentially detect changes in distribution, but by themselves provide no inference for the time at which a proclaimed change occurred. Past work on post-detection inference requires pre- and post-change classes of distributions to be known, but this paper accomplishes localization of the changepoint without any distributional assumptions. We establish finite-sample coverage guarantees (conditional on correct detection). We provide non-asymptotic bounds on the conditional expected size of the confidence sets. Under suitable asymptotic regimes, we proved that the conditional expected size of the confidence set remains uniformly bounded. and demonstrate strong empirical performance on simulated and real da

arXiv:2606.01294v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Linear attention reduces the quadratic cost of softmax attention by maintaining a recurrent fast-weight state, but it consistently lags on in-context retrieval and long-context tasks. Existing remedies act on the write side of memory through gating, delta updates, or kernel feature maps, but the read step is left unchanged: every past key contributes additively to the output, so useful targets are diluted by the bulk of stored vectors. We borrow one specific piece of softmax's geometry to construct a cheap read-time contraction of the query. A second-order Taylor expansion of the softmax log-partition at the isotropic-attention point gives a local quadratic model whose curvature coincides with the running key covariance, a quantity that can be maintained with the same recurrent/chunkwise mechanism as the linear-attention state. The associated linear operator contracts the query along the high-density directions of memory before it reads

arXiv:2606.01342v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning-augmented paging has been extensively studied in recent years. A key advantage over naive ML-based approaches is \emph{bounded robustness}, which guarantees worst-case performance even when predictions are inaccurate, making these algorithms valuable for real-world systems. Prior work achieves robustness bounds of $2H_k + O(1)$ in the randomized setting, leaving a gap to the optimal competitive ratio $H_k$. In this paper, we study how to close this gap. We begin by reviewing online optimality and proving a new property of the latest $H_k$-competitive algorithm, which facilitates our analysis in the learning-augmented setting. Then, we review existing learning-augmented paging algorithms and introduce a unifying primitive, the \emph{relative prediction budget}, which captures the essence of establishing robustness and reveals that prior algorithms either overuse or underutilize predictions. Guided by the above analysis, we devel

arXiv:2606.01413v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: It is crucial for modern on-device AI systems that rely on retrieval-augmented inference to release and share datastores without compromising individual privacy. This can be achieved using Differential Privacy (DP), which provides a formal guarantee that ensures individual contributions remain indistinguishable, even under adversarial analysis. In this paper, we introduce a hashing-based probability generation framework designed to enable the creation and release of differentially private datastores. Our approach employs locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) to efficiently partition high-dimensional data into buckets. We then add calibrated DP noise to the accumulated vote for each bucket, generating a probability distribution across classes. Our method is broadly applicable to any pipeline requiring secure key,value datastore creation and release. We conducted experiments on seven datasets with varying sample sizes and class counts, ranging

arXiv:2606.01427v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation models (FMs) have achieved substantial success in generalizing across tasks without problemspecific training or fine-tuning. However, many critical applications in mechanics and computational science require not only accurate predictions but also reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ). Herein we investigate the UQ capabilities of tabular FMs in regression tasks through a comprehensive empirical study comparing Tabular Prior-Data Fitted Networks (TabPFN) against Gaussian processes (GPs). We systematically evaluate these two methods across a host of regression problems with varying complexity, dataset sizes, and input dimensionalities. We use a default setting to build all the GPs and for a fair comparison against TabPFN v2.5. Our findings highlight an important trade-off between explicit and learned priors: while TabPFN achieves highly competitive performance for complex, high-dimensional problems with sufficient data, GPs o

arXiv:2606.01446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radio frequency spectrum awareness requires the ability to detect, localize, and characterize emitters in dense and contested wireless environments. In this work, we propose a task-oriented distributed compression framework for joint multi-emitter localization and characterization using spatially distributed receivers. Each receiver observes a short window of complex IQ samples, converts the observation to a time--frequency representation, and encodes it into a compact latent vector. A central fusion decoder combines the receiver latents to estimate an unordered set of active emitters, including their locations, center-frequency offsets, occupied bandwidths, and waveform families. A permutation-invariant training objective is used to handle the arbitrary ordering of emitters and predictions. Experiments on synthetic multi-emitter scenes with spectral overlap show that even extremely compact receiver-side representations can preserve use